Our findings suggest that the exceptional species richness of this site results from the interplay between natural features (narrow rocky ravines and stream waters) and small-scale human-made structures (troughs, a spring collector, and a semi-artificial cave), which provide critical microhabitats. Despite its inaccessibility and natural barriers, emerging threats—such as poorly managed agritourism and habitat degradation and fragmentation—could jeopardize this fragile ecosystem. Recognizing and preserving such overlooked biodiversity hotspots is vital for regional conservation planning. Our taxonomic-based study highlights the importance of integrating small, high-diversity sites into broader conservation frameworks to preserve ecological integrity in human-modified landscapes.
Taxonomy for conservation: multi-taxa survey evidences a biodiversity hotspot in the Central Apennines (Salto-Cicolano District)
Abstract
Effective conservation and management strategies require up-to-date, detailed taxonomic-based knowledge of a landscape’s biodiversity, even in areas not formally protected. In the Salto-Cicolano District (Central Apennines), a region experiencing significant demographic decline, our field research involving a large number of taxa-specific experts identified a remarkable biodiversity hotspot within a small mountain site. Over a 4-year period (2021–2024), we recorded 504 species across multiple taxonomic groups, including vascular plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Notably, we recorded rare and endangered species such as Salamandrina perspicillata, Triturus carnifex, Rhinolophus hipposideros, and Myotis bechsteinii.
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