Customs Officers Intercept Illegal Ozone Damaging Substances Under UNEP-Backed Project Skyhole Patching
A new initiative to monitor and curb illegal trade in chemicals that damage the ozone layer-- the Earth’s protective shield-- has begun registering some of it first promising results.
Today it was announced that seizures of up to 64.8 tons of illegal ozone depleting substance (ODS) have been reported in China, India, Thailand and other countries following the start of Project Skyhole Patching.


China Customs seized nearly 8.2 tons of Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), used in refrigerant and air conditioning systems, in the Guandong Province between September and November 2006 – 752 kg in Shengzhen and 7.5 tons in Huanpu Port.
In West Bengal, India, customs and enforcement officials seized nearly 6 tons of illegal chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) between October and November 2006. Nearly 49 tones of illegal ODS were seized from other countries participating. More is expected to come.
“Months after he attended a workshop in Wuxi, China, a Chinese customs officer in Huanpu Port intercepted the illegal ODS using methods he learned there. It is encouraging to see that our training efforts, involving customs and enforcement officers in the 18 participating countries is beginning to have payoffs,” said Ms. Ludgarde Coppens, Policy and Enforcement Officer, UNEP.
Project Skyhole Patching, to combat illegal trade in ODS and hazardous waste in the Asia Pacific region began 1 September 2006. It involves 20 customs and environmental authorities from 18 countries, including Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Maldives, Mongolia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Viet Nam.

Cabestana cutacea (Linné, 1767) è un Ranellidae Recente, distribuito nel bacino mediterraneo e nell’Oceano Atlantico orientale (B.D.D., 1882), comprese Isole Canarie, Madera e Azzorre ( Poppe & Goto, 1991). Lo scopo di questa nota è evidenziare le varie forme con cui questo gasteropode si manifesta.

Nonostante sia abbastanza conosciuto, è considerata specie non comune o localmente rara, di fatto questo Ranellidae si esprime con una morfologia piuttosto variabile, con caratteri particolari della teleoconca tipici delle varie popolazioni esaminate, ma che possono essere riconducibile ad un unico taxon.

SISTEMATICA

• Superfamiglia TONNOIDEA Suter, 1913
• Famiglia Ranellidae Gray J.E., 1854
• Sottofamiglia Cymatiinae Iredale, 1913
• Genere Cabestana Roeding, 1798
• Specie Cabestana cutacea (Linné, 1767)

• Sinonimia (Sabelli et al., 1990-1992a, b):
• Tritonium curta (Locard, 1886)
• Tritonium danieli (locard, 1886)
• Triton gernum (De Gregorio, 1885) - var.
• Triton isgurum (De Gregorio, 1885) - var.
• Ranella lemania (Risso, 1826)
• Ranella tuberculata (Risso, 1826)
• Murex succincta (Risso, 1826)

La ricca sinonimia e le varietà descritte nel passato da alcuni Autori che contraddistinguono C. cutacea sono probabilmente dovute proprio alle varie forme popolazionali con le quali la specie si esprime. Senza dubbio, all’interno del taxon, si possono reperire esemplari con diverse morfologie, ma che devono essere considerate prive di concreto valore sistematico.

Vengono raffigurati alcuni morpha, la cui diversità risulta molto evidente, sia come habitus, che come scultura generale. Alcune forme si presentano tanto particolari da poter indurre in errore facendole attribuire a Cabestana doliaria (Linné, 1767), specie West africana segnalata anche per le Isole Canarie, e che sembrerebbe essere presente anche in Mediterraneo nel Mare d’Alboran (Beu, 1985; Poppe & Goto, 1991), ma ufficialmente non confermata con sicurezza per questa area. C. doliaria si distingue facilmente da C. cutacea per le dimensioni nettamente inferiori, per la forma meno snella e più rigonfia, per la diversità di scultura con interspazi larghi e scultura spirale più tubercolata, e per il periostraco fibroso, più spesso e di colore marroncino scuro, mentre quello di C. cutanea è sericeo, semitrasparente e color giallo senape.

Tuttavia qualche esemplare di quest’ultima specie, a scultura più esaltata e di forma robusta, potrebbe essere confuso a prima vista con C. doliaria. Ma un’analisi complessiva delle caratteristiche morfologiche delle due specie possono farle separare agevolmente.

La morfologia di C. cutacea può variare tra due forme principali che rappresentano degli estremi: esemplari allungati, di forma elegante con scultura poco esaltata ed individui più corti, inflati con scultura più evidente è più robusta. Ma a conferma che in realtà la specie è da considerarsi unica sono le forme di passaggio intermedie, che consentono un continuum tra le due forme estreme.

Fig.1 - Cabestana cutacea (Linné, 1767). Forma elongata, mm 44 x 81. Tor Valdaliga, Civitavecchia, Lazio, 25m. Veduta boccale.

Fig.2 - C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 1, veduta dorsale.

Fig.3 - C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). mm 42 x 65. Santa Marinella Porto, Lazio, ex reti. Veduta boccale.

Fig.4 - Cabestana cutacea (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 3, veduta dorsale.

Fig.5 - C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). Forma curta, mm 43 x 55. Montalto di Castro, Lazio, 30 m. veduta boccale.

Fig.6 - C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 5, veduta dorsale

Fig. 7 – C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). mm 47 x 68. Lazzaro (RC), Calabria, 25 m. veduta boccale.

Fig. 8 – C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 7, veduta dorsale.

Fig. 9 – C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). mm 40 x 60. Lazzaro (RC), Calabria, 25 m. varietà albina, veduta boccale.

Fig. 10 – C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 7, veduta dorsale.

Fig. 11 – C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). mm 40 x 53. Sorrento, Campania, spiaggiato. Esemplare sprovvisto di varice, veduta boccale.

Fig. 12 – C. cutacea (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 11, veduta dorsale.

Fig. 13 – C. doliaria (Linné, 1767). mm 28 x 37. Cabo Negro, Marocco, spiaggiato, veduta boccale.

Fig. 14 – C. doliaria (Linné, 1767). Esemplare fig. 13, veduta dorsale.

Information about the builders of two instruments has been addded in the last paragraph.

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft this month is set to surpass the record for the most science data returned by any Mars spacecraft. While the mission continues to produce data at record levels, engineers are examining why two instruments are intermittently not performing entirely as planned. All other spacecraft instruments are operating normally and continue to return science data.

Since beginning its primary science phase in November 2006, the orbiter has returned enough data to fill nearly 1,000 CD-ROMs. This ties the record for Mars data sent back between 1997 and 2006 by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor mission.

On 17 January 2007, the Parties to the Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes are meeting in Geneva for the first time. Their goal is to translate into action the Protocol’s provisions for the coming three years. The meeting is expected to launch ambitious programmes to prevent, control and reduce water-related diseases.

“This meeting of the Protocol Parties represents a key step of a process intended to increase the number of European citizens with access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation,” says Dr. Roberto Bertollini, Director of the Special Programme for Health and Environment of the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. “Access to safe water is a basic human right ensuring the physical and social well-being of populations, but it is still not attained in today’s Europe. How can we accept to lose 37 of our children to diarrhoea each day for lack of access to safe water? We therefore call on all countries to be bold in the adoption of an Action Plan that will significantly reduce the current water-related disease burden.”

Integral catches a new erupting black hole

27 November 2006


ESA's gamma-ray observatory, Integral, has spotted a rare kind of gamma-ray outburst. The vast explosion of energy allowed astronomers to pinpoint a possible black hole in our Galaxy.

The outburst was discovered on 17 September 2006 by staff at the Integral Science Data Centre (ISDC), Versoix, Switzerland. Inside the ISDC, astronomers constantly monitor the data coming down from Integral because they know the sky at gamma-ray wavelengths can be a swiftly changing place.

The UN refugee agency and the World Food Programme on Monday appealed for the rapid restoration of order in volatile eastern Chad following weekend unrest in which mobs looted warehouses storing vital aid supplies for hundreds of thousands of Darfurian refugees and Chadians.


Both agencies reported that their main warehouses in the eastern Chad town of Abeche, the hub for relief efforts for 218,000 refugees from Sudan's neighbouring Darfur region and some 90,000 internally displaced Chadians, had been pillaged, reportedly by local residents, during the turmoil on Saturday and Sunday. Abeche was occupied by rebel forces on Saturday, then re-taken by government troops on Sunday.

Note for the press EURO/20/06 Copenhagen, Rome, Szentendre, 27 November 2006


Sections of the European population are still struggling with "traditional" environmental health problems, poor water and sanitation being one of the most urgent. The 22nd meeting of the European Environment and Health Committee (EEHC) will take place in Szentendre, Hungary, on 27-28 November 2006. It was in Hungary in 2004 that European ministers committed to protecting children's health from a harmful environment (see below). The EEHC meeting, hosted by the Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe, will assess progress in the European Region in reducing water-related disease among children.

FAO-run project reduces environmental impacts - effort featured in BBC documentary


23 November 2006, Rome - Shrimp -- a small animal with a giant-sized footprint.

It is the world's most sought-after seafood commodity: some 3.5 million tons of the many-legged delicacy are pulled from the ocean's waters each year, with another 2.4 million tons raised on aquatic farms.

The popular seafood is a gold mine for poor countries feeding avid consumers in northern markets. Developing nations supply some 90% of the shrimp consumed in developed countries, to the tune of US$8 billion a year. As a result, the jobs of hundreds of thousands of people in the developing world depend on shrimp.

But the sector is also one of the world's most wasteful fisheries.

Joint News Release WHO/Rotary International/CDC/UNICEF/71 22 November 2006


Kabul - The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, concerned about the health of all people in Afghanistan, especially the health of children, today called for the safe access of local health workers and vaccinators during polio immunization campaigns and other health activities all over Afghanistan, but particularly in the Southern Region. The latest nationwide polio campaign was launched on 19 November, with further district-level immunization activities planned for the rest of this year and throughout 2007.

Le risorse geotermiche sono presenti in quasi tutti i paesi del mondo e si prestano ad una molteplicità di impieghi, che vanno dalla generazione di elettricità all’utilizzazione diretta del calore per condizionamento di ambienti, per usi agricoli, per acquacoltura, ecc. (vedi in Scienza on line, n. 18/19 del luglio 2005, l’articolo “ Le Risorse Geotermiche”).

Gli usi diretti del calore geotermico hanno avuto un grande incremento negli anni recenti in seguito alla diffusione, soprattutto negli Stati Uniti ed in Europa, delle pompe di calore, che rappresentano oggi uno dei settori di sviluppo di maggiore interesse.

Le pompe di calore sono macchine che trasferiscono calore da un ambiente a temperatura più bassa ad un altro a temperatura più alta, per effetto dell’apporto di lavoro meccanico alla macchina, sfruttando la proprietà fisica dei fluidi di assorbire o cedere calore rispettivamente quando vaporizzano o condensano. In questo modo il calore può essere fatto fluire in senso opposto alla sua tendenza naturale, così come l’acqua può essere fatta fluire verso l’alto usando una pompa idraulica (Figura 1).